Isabelle stands in the doctor’s surgery, looking apprehensively at the X-ray the doctor is handing her. She is 14 years old and would never have imagined that this persistent pain in her back could be the sign of something as complex as scoliosis. The doctor explains that this deviation of the spine is a common condition in teenagers and there there are several treatment options.
But what exactly is scoliosis? What causes it, and how it can be treated?
Hello, I’m Dr Joy!
In this article, we explore the specifics of scoliosis, the symptoms to look out for, its different types, and the medical and therapeutic solutions available to alleviate its effects.
I – What is scoliosis?
Scoliosis is a permanent deviation of the spine, characterised by a rotation of the vertebrae, resulting in a deformity visible in all three planes of space: front, side and transverse. Unlike temporarily incorrect posture, scoliosis is a structural condition that alters the natural curvatures of the spine. This deformation often creates a gibbosity, a more or less pronounced dorsal hump.
II – Scoliosis or scoliotic attitude?
It is essential to distinguish between scoliosis and what is known as scoliotic attitude. The latter, unlike scoliosis, is a temporary and reducible deviation of the spine. In the case of a scoliotic attitude, there is no rotation of the vertebrae, and the deviation can be corrected by changing the position of the body.
The scoliotic attitude is often due to external factors, such as :
- Unequal length of the lower limbs
- An imbalance in the pelvis
- An analgesic position (adopted to relieve pain)
Treatment of a scoliotic attitude is generally less invasive than that of scoliosis and may include physiotherapy, orthopaedic inserts or treatments to correct posture.
III – The different types of scoliosis
Scoliosis can appear in a variety of forms, depending on the age at which it appears, the cause and the area of the spine affected. Here are the main types:
- Idiopathic scoliosis: This is the most common form, and its causes if often unknown. It occurs mainly in childhood or adolescence and generally worsens with growth. There is often a genetic predisposition, suggesting a hereditary link.
- Secondary scoliosis: This type of scoliosis occurs as a result of a neuromuscular disease (such as myopathy) or a bone disease (affecting the vertebrae). It is rarer in children but may be associated with pre-existing medical conditions.
- Degenerative scoliosis in adults: This form generally appears after the age of 40, often as result of natural wear and tear of the intervertebral discs and vertebrae. It is becoming increasingly common, particularly as life expectancy increases.
IV – Symptoms of scoliosis
Although it may go unnoticed, certain symptoms of scoliosis appear as the deviation progresses:
- Back and lumbar pain: Back pain is often a key symptom. The pain may be mild but often becomes chronic.
Muscle fatigue: A feeling of heaviness or muscle fatigue sometimes occurs, particularly when standing or walking.
Visible deformity: A shoulder or hip that is higher than the other, asymmetry of the trunk or a hump may become visible.
V – Diagnosis and treatment
The treatment of scoliosis is based on close collaboration between different specialists, each of whom provides a specific support to relieve pain and improve posture.
- General practitioner: The first point of contact is the general practitioner, who carries out a clinical examination and can identify signs of scoliosis, particularly through careful observation of the spine. If necessary, he or she will prescribe X-rays to determine the curvature and may refer the patient to other specialists for more in-depth follow-up.
- Physiotherapist: Essential in the treatment, the physiotherapist offers specific exercises to strengthen the back muscles, increase flexibility and correct muscular asymmetries. These sessions help to reduce pain, improve posture and limit the worsening of the curvature by strengthening the spine.
- Podiatrist: Often overlooked in the treatment of scoliosis, the podiatrist can intervene by correcting postural imbalances using specially adapted orthopaedic insoles. By adjusting the distribution of support and optimising body balance, the podiatrist relieves pressure on the spine, improving the patient’s stability and comfort on a daily basis.
- Orthopaedist: When scoliosis is more pronounced or likely to worsen, the orthopaedist may prescribe a custom-made orthopaedic corset. This device helps to stabilise the spine, particularly in growing adolescents. The orthopaedist also provides regular follow-up to adjust the corset and check its effectiveness. In serious cases, surgery may be considered to correct the deformity.
At Alegria Medical Centre, a team of GPs, physiotherapists and chiropodists work together to offer comprehensive care tailored to the specific needs of each patient with scoliosis, ensuring a holistic approach to improving their quality of life.
VI – Prevention and advice
Although not all scoliosis can be prevented, there are a few things you can do to keep your spine healthy:
- A healthy diet to avoid excess weight
- Maintain correct posture and avoid prolonged bad posture
- Regular physical exercise, especially sports that strengthen the back muscles
- Seek medical advice as soon as persistent back pain appears, especially in children and adolescents undergoing rapid growth
Scoliosis is a complex condition that deserves special attention, especially during the growth phase. As with Isabelle, it is often possible to take action to limit the effects of the deviation and improve the quality of life of those affected. Thanks to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the pain and complications of scoliosis can be effectively reduced.
This information is not a substitute for medical advice. You must seek the advice of your doctor or another qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your health condition.
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